This section covers key work, resources and databases on education in Syria
Recommended reading on HE in Syria
Tozan, O. (2023a). The evolution of the Syrian higher education sector 1918-2022: From a tool of independence to a tool of war. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 0(0), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2023.2265854
Tozan, O. (2023b). The impact of the Syrian conflict on the higher education sector in Syria: A systematic review of literature. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 4, 100221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100221
Tozan, O. (2024). Peeling the multiple layers of inequalities in free higher education policies. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 0(0), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2024.2374708
Abdullah, A., Ahmad, W., Alabdullah, S. A., Chikhou, R., & Mamo, A. R. (2020). Supporting peacebuilding in Syria through universities: The role of cultural heritage. Education and Conflict Review, 3, 60–66.
Abdullateef, S., Almashhour, E., Alabboud, A., Saleh, B. M., Albayoush, A., Assaf, M., & Adam-Bradford, A. (2020). Agricultural knowledge from academy to farming communities: The role of higher education in enhancing food security in Syria. Education and Conflict Review, 3, 67–76.
Abedtalas, M., Alawak, A., Aldien Aloklah, W., Aljasem, A., & Sarmini, I. (2020). Syrian higher education and social capital in times of conflict. Education and Conflict Review, 3, 9–15.
Akkad, A., & Henderson, E. F. (2021). Exploring the role of HE teachers as change agents in the reconstruction of post-conflict Syria. Teaching in Higher Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1965571
Al Azmeh, Z., Dillabough, J., Fimyar, O., McLaughlin, C., Abdullateef, S., Aloklah, W. A., Mamo, A. R., Abdulhafiz, A. H., Al Abdullah, S., Al Husien, Y., Al Mohamad Al Ibrahim, A., Al Ibrahim, Z., Barmu, T., Farzat, A., & Kadan, B. (2020). Cultural trauma and the politics of access to higher education in Syria. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2020.1715922
Al Malih Hilwani, F. (2013). Academic Freedom and Higher Education in Syria: History, Reality, Horizons [الحرية األكاديمية والتعليم العالي في سورية تاريخ—مقومات—واقع—آفاق]. Damascus University, 29(3). http://www.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/mag/human/images/stories/3-2013/a/11-45.pdf
Al Samer, A. (2018). The Syrian University: The First public University in the Arabic World [الجامعة السورية ‘جامعة دمشق’—أول جامعة حكومية في العالم العربي]. In The story of 10 public Arabic Universities (pp. 67–99). Arabic Center for Research & Policy Studies. https://www.dohainstitute.org/ar/BooksAndJournals/Pages/The-History-of-Ten-Arab-Public-Universities.aspx
Al-Abdullah, F. (2010). The Reality of the None-Formal Higher Education in Syria from the Perspectives of Students [واقع التعليم العالي غير النظامي في سورية من وجهة نظر الدارسين فيه ]. Damascus University, 26(3). https://www.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/mag/edu/images/stories/17-56.pdf
Aljasem, A. (2021). An episode of the revolution: Aleppo university protest movement 2011–2013. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2021.1920215
Alkol, M. K. (2024). Impact of armed conflicts on higher education Northwestern Syria context. In Rebuilding Higher Education Systems Impacted by Crises: Navigating Traumatic Events, Disasters, and More (pp. 285–295). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1926-0.ch017
Ashoush, A., & Khadra, S. (2019). The Impact of the Conflict on the Higher Education Sector in Syria: A Case Study of Tishreen University. Tishreen University Journal - Economic and Legal Science, 41(2), 75–92.
Assaf, M., Lakmes, A., Alobaidy, M. G., Shabou, F., Ahmad, W., Alhasan, M., Trayek, F., & De Vries, L. A. (2022). Evaluating the effectiveness of student-record systems in conflict-affected universities in northwest Syria relative to student transition and mobility. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 3. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100128
Ayoubi, R. M., & Massoud, H. K. (2011). Questioning the role of internationalization in the nationalization of higher education: The impact of the EU TEMPUS Programme on higher education in Syria. European Journal of Higher Education, 1(4), 352–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2012.662838
Bashshur, M. A. (1966). Higher Education and Political Development in Syria and Lebanon. Comparative Education Review, 10(3), 451–461. https://doi.org/10.1086/445236
Buckner, E. (2013). The seeds of discontent: Examining youth perceptions of higher education in Syria. Comparative Education, 49(4), 440–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2013.765643
Buckner, E., & Saba, K. (2010). Syria’s next generation: Youth un/employment, education, and exclusion. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, 3, 86–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/17537981011047934
Cinkara, E. (2024). Navigating higher education in conflict zones: The role of professional capital and community engagement in northern Syria. Journal of Professional Capital and Community. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-08-2024-0137
Dillabough, J., Fimyar, O., McLaughlin, C., Al-Azmeh, Z., Abdullateef, S., & Abedtalas, M. (2018). Conflict, insecurity and the political economies of higher education. International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, 20(3/4), 176–196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJCED-07-2018-0015
Dillabough, J., Fimyar, O., McLauglin, C., Al-Azmeh, Z., & Jebril, M. (2019a). Syrian Higher Education post 2011: Immediate and Future Challenges. Council for At-Risk Academics (Cara).
Dillabough, J., Fimyar, O., McLauglin, C., Al-Azmeh, Z., & Jebril, M. (2019b). The State of Higher Education in Syria Pre-2011. Council for At-Risk Academics (Cara) and The University of Cambridge. https://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/networks/eri/publications/syria/
Elamine, A. (2021). Political governance in higher education: The case of Arab public universities. Contemporary Arab Affairs, 14(2), 97–117. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1525/caa.2021.14.2.97
Hajir, B. (2023). Higher Education and Peacebuilding in Syria: Youths’ Voices in a Critical Realist De-Colonial Enquiry. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.96460
Hatahet, T., Alkhaledi, A., Tello, A., Jarad, L., Al Shihabi, A., & Campbell, K. (2023). Extracurricular activity based on undergraduates – postgraduates peer learning to promote student’s academic research skills in developing countries higher education: Experiences form Syria. Educational Research and Evaluation, 28(1–3), 42–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2023.2259872
Hanafi, S. (2011). University systems in the Arab East: Publish globally and perish locally vs publish locally and perish globally. Current Sociology, 59(3), 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392111400782
Hardy, D., & Munns, R. (2015). Syrian Higher Education: Responding to a Changing Economy. International Higher Education, 48. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2007.48.7971
Jozefowicz, A. (n.d.). The Development of higher education in Syria until the year 2000: Syrian Arab Republic - (mission) | Policy Commons. Retrieved 6 September 2024, from https://policycommons.net/artifacts/10698525/the-development-of-higher-education-in-syria-until-the-year-2000/11605815/
Kabbani, N., & Salloum, S. (2011). Implications of financing higher education for access and equity: The case of Syria. PROSPECTS, 41(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-011-9178-6
Khalifa, B., Dukhan, O., & Mouselli, S. (2018). Master degree under crisis: The salient motives of business students to enrol in a postgraduate programme. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(4), 538–549. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-02-2017-0038
Millican, J. (2020). The survival of universities in contested territories: Findings from two roundtable discussions on institutions in the North West of Syria. Education and Conflict Review, 3, 38–44.
Milton, S. (2019). Syrian higher education during conflict: Survival, protection, and regime security. International Journal of Educational Development, 64, 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.11.003
Nahlawi, Y. (2022). Militia on Campus: Crimes of the National Union of Syrian Students at Damascus University. Syrian British Consortium.
Omaish, H. A., Hosein, A., Abdullah, M. U., & Aldershewi, A. (2021). University lecturer’s perceptions on the causes of students’ mathematical knowledge gaps in conflict zones. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 2. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2021.100095
Rafeq, A.-K. (2004). The History of the Syrian University 1901-1946 [تاريخ الجامعة العربية السورية ١٩٠١-١٩٤٦]. Nobel Library.
Rafeq, A.-K. (2008). The Syrian University And The French Mandate (1920–1946). In Liberal thought in the Eastern Mediterranean late 19th century until the 1960s (pp. 75–97). Brill.
Ramadan, R. (2016). Syrians’ acceptance of digital lectures: A case study. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 31(1), 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2016.1150160
Ramadan, R. (2017). Unravelling Facebook: A pedagogical tool during the Syrian crisis. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 32(3), 196–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2017.1345303
Rubin, J., & Bose, L. S. (2023). Dominant or dominating? Imaginaries of higher education in Turkey and Northern Syria. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 21(2), 252–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2022.2124402
Sankar, S. (2000). The Development of the Higher Education Sector (1970-2000), and Future Directions. Syrian Ministry of Higher Education.
Sawaf, B., Abbas, F., Idris, A., Al Saadi, T., & Ibrahim, N. (2018). Specialty preference and intentions to study abroad of Syrian medical students during the crisis. BMC Medical Education, 18(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1146-x
Yousef, L., Ebrahim, O., AlNahr, M. H., Mohsen, F., Ibrahim, N., & Sawaf, B. (2021). War-related trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder prevalence among Syrian university students. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1954774. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1954774
Recommended reading on pre-HE in Syria
Achilles, K., Kivela, L., Abu Sneineh, A., & Jouhar, D. (2022). Education Interrupted: Prioritising Early Recovery in the Education Sector in Syria. Save the Children. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/education-interrupted-prioritising-early-recovery-in-the-education-sector-in-syria/
ACU. (2022a). Schools in Syria. Assistance Coordination Unit. https://_/imu_reports/schools-in-syria-07-thematic-2022/
ACU. (2022b). Schools Report in Northern Syria Camps [تقرير المدارس في مخيمات الشمال السوري] (5). Assistance Coordination Unit. https://acu-sy.org/all-acu-reports/
Al Hessan, M., Bengtsson, S., & Kohlenberger, J. (2021). Understanding the Syrian Educational System in a Context of Crisis (pp. 1–46). https://hw.oeaw.ac.at?arp=0x003cd018
Al Nemer, M., & Hakawati, S. (2020). Education in the Northern Syria: Afrin, Jarablous, Ezzaz, Al-Bab [التعليم في مناطق الشمال السوري]. Harmoon. https://www.harmoon.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/التعليم-في-مناطق-الشمال-السوري-نهائي.pdf%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A/
Al Sakbani, N., & Beaujouan, J. (2024). Education in Syria: Hidden victim of the conflict of weapon of war? Journal of Peace Education, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2024.2325493
Al-Abdullah, F. (2010). The Reality of the None-Formal Higher Education in Syria from the Perspectives of Students [واقع التعليم العالي غير النظامي في سورية من وجهة نظر الدارسين فيه ]. Damascus University, 26(3). https://www.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/mag/edu/images/stories/17-56.pdf
Al-Maaloli, R. (2016). The Ideology of Authority: 50 Years of Education in Syria. The Washington Institute. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/ideology-authority-50-years-education-syria
Amnesty. (2020). Syria: ‘Nowhere is safe for us’: Unlawful attacks and mass displacement in north-west Syria - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syria-nowhere-safe-us-unlawful-attacks-and-mass-displacement-north-west
Arvisais, O., & Guidère, M. (2020). Education in conflict: How Islamic State established its curriculum. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 52(4), 498–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2020.1759694
Arvisais, O., Guidère, M., Belporo, L. C., Bérubé, M., Chamsine, C., & Mahhou, M. A. (2022). The Ideological Indoctrination through ISIS Textbooks. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2022.2106778
Bengio, O. (2020). Reclaiming National Identity in Kurdish School Textbooks. The Middle East Journal, 74(3), 359–378.
BMC. (2021). Overview of attacks against civilian infrastructure during the Syrian civil war, 2012–2018—Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/overview-attacks-against-civilian-infrastructure-during-syrian-civil-war
Boyle Espinosa, E., & Ronan, A. (2023). Rojava’s ‘war of education’: The role of education in building a revolutionary political community in North and East Syria. Third World Quarterly, 44(10), 2281–2299. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2022.2115884
Buriel, A. (2023). Education under totalitarian regimes: The case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. PROSPECTS, 53(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-022-09615-8
Deslandes-Martineau, M., Charland, P., Lapierre, H. G., Arvisais, O., Chamsine, C., Venkatesh, V., & Guidère, M. (2022). The programming curriculum within ISIS. PLoS ONE, 17(4 April). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265721
Elsafti, A. M., Van Berlaer, G., Al Safadi, M., Debacker, M., Buyl, R., Redwan, A., & Hubloue, I. (2016). Children in the Syrian civil war: The familial, educational, and public health impact of ongoing violence. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 10(6), 874–882. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.165
Gadais, T., Décarpentrie, L., Touir, G., Al-Khatib, M., Daou, A., Chamsine, C., & Arvisais, O. (2023). Education under ISIS: An analysis of the calligraphy and illustrations of the physical education curriculum. International Journal of Educational Development, 97, 102724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102724
Hatahet, T., Ekrayem, Z., Badwi, S., Hardan, S., Abdin, A. E., & Alrfooh, O. (2024). Development of a tailored educational strategy in primary schools to cope with volatility of education in internally displaced camps: A case study from Northwest Syria. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 19(3), 575–592. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2024.2354372
HRW. (2022). ‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities [EN/AR]—Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/it-was-really-hard-protect-myself-impact-armed-conflict-syria-children-disabilities-enar
Int’l Alert. (2016). Why young Syrians choose to fight: Vulnerability and resilience to recruitment by violent extremist groups in Syria - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. Int’l Alert. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/why-young-syrians-choose-fight-vulnerability-and-resilience-recruitment
Lelun, & Syrians for Truth and Justice. (2023). Curricula in Afrin: Between ‘Turkification’ and Restrictions on the Kurdish Language. Lelun and Syrians for Truth and Justice. https://espoir-afrin.com/reports/curricula-in-afrin-between-turkification-and-restrictions-on-the-kurdish-language/
Masud, M. (2018). Authoritarian Claims to Legitimacy: Syria’s Education under the Regime of Bashar al-Assad. Mediterranean Studies, 26(1), 80–111. https://doi.org/10.5325/mediterraneanstu.26.1.0080
Mercy Corps. (2015). No one hears us: A window into the lives of Syria’s youth - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/no-one-hears-us-window-lives-syria-s-youth
Mercy Corps. (2019). Adolescence Lost: Forced Adulthood and a Fragile Future for Syria’s Next Generation - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. Mercy Corps. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/adolescence-lost-forced-adulthood-and-fragile-future-syrias-next
Mounzer, W., & Stenhoff, D. M. (2022). Listen to Me: Parents’ Satisfaction with Special Needs Services in Syria – A Descriptive and Exploratory Study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(3), 807–818. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02120-0
NRC. (2020). 24 under 24—Voices of Syria’s Youth—Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. NRC. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/24-under-24-voices-syrias-youth
NRC. (2022). ‘How are we expected to survive this?’: The impact of Syria’s economic crisis on families—Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. NRC. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/how-are-we-expected-survive-impact-syria-s-economic-crisis-families
Orient Policy Center. (2020a). Education in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria: Reality and Challenges. Orient Policy Center.
Orient Policy Center. (2020b). Education needs assessment in North-Eastern Syria (NES). Orient Policy Center.
Qaddour, K., & Husain, S. (2022). Syria’s Education Crisis: A Sustainable Approach After 11 Years of Conflict. MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE. https://www.mei.edu/publications/syrias-education-crisis-sustainable-approach-after-11-years-conflict
Save the Children. (2014). FUTURES UNDER THREAT: The impact of the education crisis on Syria’s children. Save the Children.
Save the Children. (2016). Childhood Under Siege: Living and Dying in Besieged Areas of Syria - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. Save the Children. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/childhood-under-siege-living-and-dying-besieged-areas-syria
Save the Children. (2017). Invisible Wounds: The impact of six years of war on the mental health of Syria’s children - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. Save the Children. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/invisible-wounds-impact-six-years-war-mental-health-syria-s-children
Save the Children. (2019). A better tomorrow: Syria’s children have their say - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. Save the Children. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/better-tomorrow-syrias-children-have-their-say
Save the Children. (2021a). Anywhere But Syria: How 10 Years of Conflict Left Syria’s Displaced Children Without a Sense of Home - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. Save the Children. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/anywhere-syria-how-10-years-conflict-left-syria-s-displaced-children
Save the Children. (2021b). Learning in the Shadow of a Conflict: Barriers to education in Syria. Save the Children.
Save the Children. (2022). “I Used to Love School”: The gendered impacts of attacks on education in Syria. Save the Children. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/i-used-to-love-school-the-gendered-impacts-of-attacks-on-education-in-syria/
Selvik, K., & Groves, T. (2023). ‘The generation that will inherit Syria’: Education as citizen aid and political opportunity. Third World Quarterly, 44(5), 930–945. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2167705
Sharifian, M. S., Dornblaser, L., & Silva, S. Y. V. (2021). Education During the Active War: Exploring Teachers’ Perceptions and Practice in Syria. Journal of Education in Muslim Societies, 3(1), 50–67. https://doi.org/10.2979/jems.3.1.04
Sharifian, M. S., Hoot, J. L., Shibly, O., & Reyhanian, A. (2023). Trauma, Burnout, and Resilience of Syrian Primary Teachers Working in a War Zone. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 37(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2022.2076267
SNHR. (2017). 1373 Incidents of Attack on Vital Civil Facilities in 2016—Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. SNHR. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/1373-incidents-attack-vital-civil-facilities-2016
SNHR. (2024). Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in February 2024 [EN/AR]—Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/most-notable-human-rights-violations-syria-february-2024-enar
STEC. (n.d.). Schools under Attack in Syria: A monitoring report on the impact of attacks on Syrian schools by the Southern Turkey Education Cluster (Syria response). Southern Turkey Education Cluster. Retrieved 17 January 2024, from https://www.educationcluster.net/resources/schools-under-attack-syria-monitoring-report-impact-attacks-syrian-schools-southern
Syria Relief. (2022a). Displaced Syrians are sacrificing food and medicine to survive winter—Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/displaced-syrians-are-sacrificing-food-and-medicine-survive-winter
Syria Relief. (2022b). The Children Failed By The World: The impact of reduced donations and aid budget cuts on the 100,000+ Syrian children forced out of full-time education - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/children-failed-world-impact-reduced-donations-and-aid-budget-cuts
Syrian Center for Policy Research, & British Council. (2022). Hope Under Siege: Voices of Adolescents on education and ICT during the Syrian Conflict. Syrian Center for Policy Research and British Council-Syria.
Syrians for Truth and Justice. (2018). AANES closes a number of Aramaic and Assyria private schools in North East Syria [الإدارة الذاتية تغلق العديد من المدرسة الخاصة ‘السريانية والأرمنية’ شمال شرقي سوريا ]. Syrians for Truth and Justice. https://stj-sy.org/ar/732/
Syrians for Truth and Justice. (2021). Northeastern Syria: Group of Teachers, One Activist Arbitrarily Detained by the Autonomous Administration. Syrians for Truth and Justice. https://stj-sy.org/en/group-of-teachers-one-activist-arbitrarily-detained-by-the-autonomous-administration/
UNICEF. (2015a). Syria Education Sector Analysis (2010-2015). UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/mena/reports/syria-education-sector-analysis-2010-2015
UNICEF. (2015b). Syria education sector Analysis: The effects of the crisis on education in areas controlled by the government of Syria, 2010-2015 [EN/AR] - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syria-education-sector-analysis-effects-crisis-education-areas
UNICEF. (2016). No Place for Children—The Impact of Five Years of War on Syria’s Children and their Childhoods [EN/AR]—Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. UNICEF. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/no-place-children-impact-five-years-war-syrias-children-and-their
UNICEF. (2020). Improving Equity and Learning: Strengthening Educational Pathways for Syrian Children. UNICEF.
UNICEF. (2021). Whole of Syria Humanitarian Situation Report. UNICEF.
UNICEF. (2022a). Every Day Counts: An outlook on education for the most vulnerable children in Syria. UNICEF. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/every-day-counts-outlook-education-most-vulnerable-children-syria
UNICEF. (2022b). Fast facts: Children and the Syria regional crisis - 11 years on | No Lost Generation. UNICEF. https://www.nolostgeneration.org/reports/fast-facts-children-and-syria-regional-crisis-11-years
Whole of Syria. (2018). Whole of Syria: Attacks on education in Syria | No Lost Generation. Whole of Syria. https://www.nolostgeneration.org/reports/whole-syria-attacks-education-syria
World Vision. (2016). The Cost of Conflict for Children—Five years of the Syria crisis, March 2016—Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. World Vision. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/cost-conflict-children-five-years-syria-crisis-march-2016
World Vision. (2018). Beyond Survival: Seven years of war on Syria’s children - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. World Vision. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/beyond-survival-seven-years-war-syrias-children
World Vision. (2021). Too High a Price to Pay: The Cost of Conflict for Syria’s children - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb. World Vision. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/too-high-price-pay-cost-conflict-syrias-children
Recommended sources for keeping up-to-date with education in Syria
Media Channels
Al Fanar: https://www.al-fanarmedia.org/
Syria TV: https://www.syria.tv/
Enabbaladi: https://english.enabbaladi.net/
Grey Reports:
Relief Web: https://reliefweb.int/updates
Facebook Pages:
Ministry of Higher Education: https://www.facebook.com/mohesyria
Ministry of Education: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100064316544313
Telegram Channels:
Ministry of Higher Education: https://t.me/mohesyria
Ministry of Education: https://t.me/TrbyaGov
Ministries' Websites:
Ministry of Higher Education: http://www.mohe.gov.sy/mohe/
Ministry of Education: https://moed.gov.sy/site/